Design Research Methodology / Critical Review

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03.28.2022 - 05.12.2022 (Week 6 - Week 7)
Audrey Gracia Djohari / 0348120
Design Research Methodology
Bachelor of Design (Hons) in Creative Media / Taylor’s University
Project 2: Critical Review

LECTURES


How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRuTshpmPzg

NOTE:

1) Use a process of analysis to criticize a text
Look at what the author's claims are and how he or she presents those claims.

2) Develop a thesis statement
Come to a conclusion about the source. Write a concise sentence that articulates your own claim about the source.

3) identify evidence to support your thesis
Identify quotes, summaries, and paraphrases from the text and other sources to support your claims.

4) Write your argument
Use what you know about analysis to write your own logical argument about the source.

WEEK 6:

Qualitative & Quantitative Research - An Introduction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYmLE8UqCXU

NOTE:

Qualitative Research
  • Focus Group Interviews
  • One-on-one in-depth interview
  • Observe customers behavior

Qualitative Research Characteristics:

  • Open-ended questions "What, when, how..."
  • Can't be quantified
  • Uncovers motivations, feelings, preferences
  • Uncovers in-depth info, relatively low-cost
  • Not representative, interpretation subjective

Quantitative Research

  • Questionnaire
  • Experiment
  • Observation
Quantitative Research Characteristics:
  • Can be counted/measured, is quantifiable
  • Closed-ended questions, predefined answer options
  • Can be representative & objective
  • Can't uncover in-depth response, relatively costly
Secondary Research 
  • Example: Books, journals, newspapers, film archives, internet forums, etc. 
  • Disadvantages: of secondary research is that it's hard to always determine if the source taken online is reliable or not.

Primary Research 
  • Examples: Interviews, questionnaires, observational studies, focus groups, etc.
  • In the primary research, every research technique is self-generated, and event recordings on film, sound, or both can be used as proof for the study. A reliable and well-supported source of information is provided through primary research.
  • Disadvantages: it is very time-consuming and the amount of research gathered can be limiting.

INSTRUCTION


CRITICAL REVIEW

Instruction

Please ensure that you have reviewed all five articles and consolidate them into a comprehensive review of the PDF document. All the five chosen articles and the initial summaries of the review ought to be placed in folder #2 (Critical Review) in Google Drive and shared with me for my reference.

In the past weeks, notification on this submission requirements and notes were shared. Essentially, the content of the review, ought to cover the STRUCTURE, METHODOLOGY, REASONS or EVIDENCE, CONCLUSION and THE LOGICAL FLOW of discussion.


- Journals

The assignment for this week is to choose the 5 articles we want to review. I chose the five articles from Google Scholar and Research gate. I then wrote a research discussion or opinion to help me organize my thoughts and what I learned from each article.

Journal Files (Google Drive):

Article 1
Abbaspur-Behbahani, S., Monaghesh, E., Hajizadeh, A., & Fehresti, S. (2022). Application of
        mobile health to support the elderly during the COVID-19 outbreak: A systematic review.         
        Health Policy and Technology, 11(1), 100595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100595

Article 2
Moore, R. C., & Hancock, J. T. (2020). Older Adults, Social Technologies, and the
        Coronavirus Pandemic: Challenges, Strengths, and Strategies for Support. Social Media +
        Society, 6(3), 205630512094816. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948162

Article 3
Kasim, A., & Rozaini, S. S. (2021). Factors That Influence Acceptance Of
        Information Technology Towards MySejahtera Apps During COVID-19 Pandemic Among 
        Older Adults In Kedah. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 6(26), 
        90–107. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.626008

Article 4
Sespiani, K. A., & Ernungtyas, N. F. (2022). Connecting Elderly and Digital Devices: a
        Literature Review of User Interface Studies for Indonesian Elders. The Journal of Society and
        Media, 6(1), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v6n1.p139-156

Article 5
Saeidnia, H. R., Ghorbi, A., Kozak, M., & Herteliu, C. (2022). Smartphone-Based Healthcare
        Apps for Older Adults in the COVID-19 Era: Heuristic Evaluation. Studies in Health 
        Technology and Informatics. https://doi.org/10.3233/shti210875


- Using Mendeley

We were also instructed to download Mendeley so that we can upload and make notes on the articles as we write our critical evaluation.

Figure xx: Mendeley App

Figure xx: Using Mendeley, 12.05.2022

Figure xx: Uploaded Articles in Mendeley, 12.05.2022

- Weekly Progression
Week 7 Draft

I only managed to finish the introduction part this week. I decided to combine all 5 articles in every section because Dr. Hayati said better to put them together so I can compare and contrast. For the format, I followed one of the senior works that Dr. Hayati posted on Google Classroom as I find it easier to write it this way.
 
Figure xx: Week 7 Critical Review Draft, 12.05.2022

Week 8 Draft

I managed to finish 70% of the critical review today. It's not perfect but I was quite happy I had it nearly finished. However, week 8 and 9 was so hectic couldn't finish on submission time.

Figure xx: Week 8 Critical Review Draft, 17.05.2022

- Final Critical Review

Figure xx: Final Critical Review, 19.05.2022

FEEDBACK

WEEK 6:
*Raya Holiday*
WEEK 7:
Specific Feedback
  • Find your article and drag it to Mendeley
  • Compare and contrast the COVID-19 mHealth application in Malaysia (MySejahtera) with applications from other countries.
General Feedback
  • You shouldn't write the critical review of the articles as separate reviews. There should be a comparison and contrast of the 5 articles, the summary should connect the articles to one another. 
WEEK 8:
*Independent Learning Week*


REFLECTION


Experience
I had some difficulties finishing the proposal so it has a snowballing effect on my Critical Review. Since my proposal wasn't final in week 6, so I couldn't determine the right articles. It stressed me out a bit actually but once my revised proposal was finished, I could finally start my critical review. The tutorial videos and the senior's work helped me a lot in understanding how to write a critical review. 

Observation
I observed that writing a critical review was actually not that difficult as long as I am willing to read every article in detail. I also learned paraphrasing throughout this project. Furthermore, I observed that there are only a few papers that research the COVID-19 app, especially the ones that focused on elderly people. I really hope more research is conducted that focus on this COVID-19 topic as it might help the future generation in creating more effective mHealth apps.

Findings
I found that Critical Review really brings a researcher (me) deep into the topic. To write a review, we had no choice but to understand every sentence from the articles. I've always thought doing netnography research is deep enough, but now that I've written a critical review, I found out about things that I would have never discovered when I did netnography on my own. For example, I found out about the projects and prototypes made by Indonesian researchers that focused on elderly people. For example, a scheduling application to remind elderly of taking meals, exercising, and making phone calls, setting an appointment for therapy and medical check-up. Also, there's this WhatsApp prototype that has been modified by an Indonesian researcher to be more user-friendly for elderly. I never knew there are many youngsters in Indonesia (my home country) that are also interested in making elderly's life easier in using technology. 



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